FACTS MCQ 1
1. FACTS devices used in
a) Generation
b)
AC transmission
c) DC transmission
d) None
2. Voltage control means
a) Boosting the feeder voltage
b) Reducing the line voltage under over voltage conditions
c) Keeping the voltage level within the allowable limits.
d) None
3. Line drop compensation corrects for
a) Line drop lagging P.F
b) voltage at leading P.F
c) Transformer voltage drop
d) voltage drop in feeder lines
4. Which are the shunt compensation devices
a) TCSC
b) SSSC
c) UPFC
d) SVC
5. FACTS devices are generally used for to compensate__________of the transmission line
a) reactive power
b) active power
c) apparent power
6. Transmission efficiency increases as
a) voltage and power factor both increase
b) voltage and power factor both decrease
c) voltage increases but power factor decreases
d) voltage decreases but power factor increases.
7. SVC and STATCOM are______________ devices.
a. series
b. series and shunt
c. shunt and series
d. shunt
8. SVC stands for________________.
a.Static Var Compensator
b. Static voltage controller
c. Static var converter
d. Static voltage converter
9. STATCOM stands for_________________.
ANS: Static Synchronous Compensator
10. STATCOM is______________ regulating device.
a. Current
b. Voltage
c. Current and Voltage
d. Power factor
11. The main Objective of series compensation
a) It improve the power factor
b) It reduces the fault currents
c) Reduce the voltage drop over long distance
d) None
12. TCSC is a
a) Shunt compensation device
b) Series compensation device
c) Both a & b
d) None of the above
13. SSSC is a
a) Series compensation device
b) shunt compensation device
c) combined compensator
d) loss reduction device
14. Disadvantage with series compensation
a) Reduce the stability
b) increase the voltage drop
c) Reduce the power factor
d) Increase in fault current
15. SSSC stands _________________.
ANS: Static Synchronous Series Compensator
16. UPFC stands _________________.
ANS: Unified power flow controller
17. The purpose of the transmission network is to ___________
ANS: pool power plants and load centres
18. Transmission Interconnection is done for________
a. economic reasons
b. to reduce the cost of electricity and
c. to improve reliability of power supply.
d. All of these
19. FACTS controllers can enable a line to carry power closer to its_______
a. Full efficiency
b. Dielectric rating
c. Thermal rating
20. What limits the loading capability__________
a. Thermal
b. Dielectric
c. Stability
d. All of these
21.Basic types of FACTS controller___________
a. Series Controllers and Shunt Controllers
b.Combined series-series Controllers
c.Combined series-shunt Controllers
d. All of these
22.The voltage fluctuations are largely a consequence of the ______ in series impedances of lines, transformers, and generators.
a. Current
b. Power
c. Voltage drop
d. None of these
23. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is combination of _________
a. STATCOM and TCSC
b. SSSC and TSC
c. STATCOM and SSSC
d. TSSC and TCR
24. Load compensation is the management of _______ to improve the quality of supply in ac power systems.
a. Active power
b. Reactive power
c. Apparent power
d. Both a & b
25. Objectives of Load compensation________
a. Power-factor correction.
b. Improvement of voltage regulation.
c. Load balancing
d. All of these
26. Power-factor correction usually means the practice of generating ________ as close as possible to the _______ which requires it, rather than supplying it from a remote power station.
a. Active power, load
b. Active power, source
c. Reactive power, load
d. Reactive power, source
27. The supply utilities also have good reasons for not transmitting unnecessary reactive power from generators to loads: their generators and distribution networks cannot be used at _______, and the control of ________in the supply system can become more difficult.
a. Full efficiency, current
b. Full efficiency, voltage
c. Full power, current
d. Full power, voltage
28. The FC-TCR is consist of ________and_________.
a. Fixed capacitor, Fixed inductor
b. Variable capacitor, Fixed inductor
c. Variable capacitor, Variable inductor
d. Fixed capacitor, Variable inductor
29. What is the necessity of compensation?
a. Voltage profile
b. Power angle characteristics
c. Stability margin
d. Damping to power oscillations
e. All of these
30. The objectives of FACTS controllers in the power system network.
a. Better the control of power flow (Real and Reactive) in transmission lines.
b. Limits SC current
c. Increase the load ability of the system
d. a & b
e. a, b & c
31. TCSC is a capacitive reactance compensator, which consists of _______capacitor bank ______ by a thyristor-controlled reactor.
a. shunt, series
b. series, shunted
c. series, series
32. The SVC is a _________ device of FACTS.
a. series
b. series and shunt
c. shunt
33. FACTS mainly find application in following areas.
a. Power transmission
b. Power Quality
c. Railway Grid Connection
d. Wind power grid Connection
e. All of these
34. There are how many generation of FACTS controllers.
a. one
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
35. __________is the ability of a power system to maintain steady acceptable voltages at all buses in the system under normal operating conditions and after being subjected to a disturbance.
a. voltage stability
b. current stability
c. power stability
d. Transient stability
36. In bypassed mode, the thyristor are made to fully conduct with the conduction angle of ______ degree.
a. 90
b. 180
c. 60
d. 30
37. The salient features of STATCOM are______.
a. Compact size
b. Dynamic response
c. Wide range control
d. a & b
e. a, b & c
38. The third main concern in load compensation is __________.
a. Impedance balancing
b. Current balancing
c. Load balancing
d. Source balancing
39. The ideal compensator would also consume ______ power; that is, it would be ____________.
ANS: Zero average , Lossless
40. Methods of controllable VAR generation in shunt.
ANS : a. Variable impedance type static var generation.
b. Switching converter type static var generation.
41. When Thyristor control reactor(TCR) becomes Thyristor switched reactor(TSR).
a. Alpha = 90
b. Alpha = 0
42. Thyristor Switched Capacitor(TSC) is__________.
a. Switching converter type
b. Variable impedance type
43. Types of Series Compensators.
Ans: a. Variable impedance type Series Compensators
b. Switching converter type Series
Compensators
a. TCR, TSR, TSSC, TSC
b. TSSC, TCSC, SVG, SVS
c. SVG, SVC, TCR, TSR
d. GCSC, TCSC, TSSC
45. List of Static Series compensators.
a. TCR, TSR, TSSC, TSC
b. GCSC, TCSC, TSSC
c. TSSC, TCSC, SVG, SVS
d. SVG, SVC, TCR, TSR
46. Without any control , power flow is based on the inverse of the various transmission line _________.
a. Reactance
b. Capacitance
c. Impedance
d. Power factor
47. The HVDC line can be used to its full _____________if adequate converter capacity is provided.
a. Dielectric capacity
b. Thermal capacity
c. Efficiency
d. Transient Stability
48. By means of controlling __________ a FACTS controller can control the power flow as required.
a. Power factor
b. Frequency
c. Impedance
d. Real power
4. By means of varying the __________ a FACTS controller can control the power flow as required.
a. Phase angle
b. Capacitance
c. Frequency
d. Power factor
Power Flow in Meshed System
49. A thyristor-controlled series capacitor can greatly enhance the _________ of the network.
a. Stability
b. power factor
c. efficiency
d. None of these
50. Thyristor-Controlled Series Reactor can adjust the ____________ flows as well as __________.
ANS: Steady-state power, damp unwanted oscillations
51. Thermal capability of an overhead line is a function of the _________ , _________, condition of the ,______________ and ______________.
ANS: Ambient temperature, Wind conditions, Conductor, Ground clearance
52. ____________ is the ability of the power system to maintain synchronism when subjected to a severe disturbance, such as a short circuit on a transmission line.
a. Transient stability
b. Dynamic stability
c. Steady-state stability
d. Frequency collapse
53. _______________ is concerned with the ability of the power system to maintain synchronism under small disturbances.
a. Transient stability
b. Dynamic stability
c. Steady-state stability
d. Frequency collapse
54. ___________is the phenomena caused if the system frequency is much lower than the nominal frequency.
a. Steady-state stability
b. Frequency collapse
c. Voltage collapse
d. Sub-synchronous resonance
55. The sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) phenomena occurs in _________resonant circuit.
a. Series
b. Shunt
c. Parallel
d. non-linear
Static Shunt Compensators
56. Shunt connected, fixed or mechanically switched _________ are applied to minimize line overvoltage under light load conditions.
a. Impedance
b. Reactor
c. Capacitors
d. Converter
57. Shunt connected, fixed or mechanically switched _________ are applied to maintain voltage levels under heavy load conditions.
a. Impedance
b. Capacitors
c. Converter
d. Reactor
58. The ultimate objective of applying reactive shunt compensation in a transmission system is to increase the _______________.
a. Reactance
b. Current
c. Transmittable power
d. Voltage
59. Var compensation is thus used for voltage regulation at the ____________ to segment the transmission line and at the ______of the (radial) line to prevent voltage instability.
a. End, Mid
b. Start, End
c. Start, Mid
d. Mid, End
60. A transmission line connecting two systems, the best location for var compensation is in the______.
a. Middle
b. Starting
c. Ending
d. No where
61. Which year the first STATCOM was implemented?
a. January 1980
b. January 1981
c. January 1983
d. January 1985
Midpoint Voltage Regulation for Line Segmentation
62. Two-Machine System (Without Compensator)
Please, Do remember formula of Active Power and Reactive power of without compensator.
64. For a radial feed to a load the best location is at the _______.
a. Load End
b. Starting
c. Mid
d. No where
Static Series Compensation
65. AC power transmission over long lines was primarily limited by the _____________ of the line.
a. Shunt impedance
b. Series impedance
c. Series reactive impedance
d. Shunt reactive impedance
The basic idea behind series capacitive compensation is to decrease the overall effective series transmission impedance from the sending end to the receiving end, i.e., 𝑋 in the P.
66. For increasing the voltage stability limit of overhead transmission, ____________ is much more effective than ______________ of the same MVA rating.
a. Shunt compensation, Series compensation
b. Series compensation, Shunt compensation
a. Nonreciprocal
b. Directly proportional
c. Reciprocal
d. Integral
68. The shunt compensator is functionally a controlled reactive current source which is connected in parallel with the transmission line to control its _________.
a. Voltage
b. Current
c. Power
d. Transient
69. The series compensator is functionally a controlled voltage source which is connected in series with the transmission line to control its ____________.
a. Current
b. Voltage
c. Power
d. Transient
70. In TSSC the degree of series compensation is controlled in a step-like manner by increasing or decreasing the number of series _________ inserted.
a. Resistor
b. Inductor
c. Capacitor
d. Diode
71. In TSSC a __________ is inserted by turning off, and it is bypassed by turning on the corresponding thyristor valve.
a. Resistor
b. Inductor
c. Capacitor
d. Diode
72. The TSSC could be applied for power flow control and for damping power oscillation where the required speed of response is ____________.
a. Slow
b. Moderate
c. Fast
d. Ultra-fast
73. The SSSC use ________ thyristors.
a. SCR
b. DIAC
c. TRIAC
d. GTO
74. The TSSC employs _________ thyristors.
a. DIAC
b. GTO
c. Conventional
d. MCT
75. The SSSC requires a coupling transformer, rated for _____ p.u. of the total series var compensating range.
a. 0.1
b. 0.3
c. 0.4
d. 0.5
76. The TSSC is coupled _________ to the transmission line.
a. By Capacitor
b. By Inductor
c. Directly
d. By coupling transformer
77. Shunt connected, fixed or switched reactors are applied to___________.
a. minimize line overvoltage under light load conditions
b. minimize line overvoltage under heavy load conditions
c. maximize voltage levels under light load conditions
d. maximize voltage levels under heavy load conditions
78. Shunt connected, fixed or switched capacitors are applied to________.
a. maintain line voltage levels under light load conditions
b. maintain line voltage levels under any load conditions
c. maintain line voltage levels under heavy load conditions
d. maintain line voltage levels under no load conditions
79. The objectives of applying reactive shunt compensation in a transmission system is to_______.
a. increase the transmittable power.
b. improve the steady-state transmission characteristics
c. the stability of the system
d. all the above
80. The midpoint shunt compensation can increase the transmittable power doubling its maximum value at the expense_________.
a. doubling reactive power demand on the midpoint compensator and end generator
b. 4 times the reactive power demand on the midpoint compensator and end generator
c. 6 times reactive power demand on the midpoint compensator and end generator
d. without any change of reactive power demand
81. For the single-line system the midpoint of the transmission line is the best location for the compensator. This is because_____.
a. the voltage sag along the uncompensated transmission line is the weakest at the midpoint
b. the voltage sag along the uncompensated transmission line is not largest at the midpoint
c. the voltage sag along the uncompensated transmission line is the largest at the endpoints
d. the voltage sag along the uncompensated transmission line is the largest at the midpoint
82. With the increase of the number of segment shunt compensators, the voltage variation along the line would______.
a. rapidly decrease
b. rapidly increase
c. not change
d. slightly increase
83. The shunt compensation does________.
a. not provide end of line voltage support to prevent voltage instability
b. provide only mid of line voltage support to prevent voltage instability
c. provide end of line voltage support to prevent voltage instability
d. may or may not provide end of line voltage support to prevent voltage instability
84. Without compensation the voltage at the receiving end would________.
a. not vary with the load and load power factor
b. vary with only the load
c. vary with the load and load power factor
d. vary with only the load power factor
85. The voltage stability limit______________.
a. increases with inductive loads and decreases with capacitive loads_________.
b. decreases with inductive loads and increases with capacitive loads
c. decreases with inductive loads and capacitive loads
d. increases with inductive loads and capacitive loads
86. Appropriately controlled shunt compensation can enhance transient stability by_______.
a. providing effective voltage support, it can increase the transmission capability of the post-fault system
b. increasing the transmission capability of the post-fault system only
c. providing effective voltage support only
d. none of the above
87. If the uncompensated system has a sufficient transient stability margin, shunt compensation can_________.
a. considerably increase the transmittable power without decreasing transient stability margin
b. considerably increase the transmittable power with decreasing transient stability margin
c. considerably decrease the transmittable power without decreasing transient stability margin
d. considerably increase the transmittable power by increasing transient stability margin
88. A phase shifting of the transformer is adjusted by_________.
a. SCR
b. Chopper
c. Cycloconverter
d. Phase advancer
89. Power systems are normally designed to be transiently stable, when subjected to a major disturbance_________.
a. with defined pre-fault contingency scenarios
b. with defined pre-fault contingency scenarios and post-fault system degradation
c. with post-fault system degradation
d. with required enhancement in power transmission capability
90. It is economically savvy to employ fast acting compensation techniques, instead of overall network compensation, _________.
a. dynamic events and increase the transmission capability of the degraded system
b. dynamic events of the degraded system
c. transmission capability of the degraded system
d. voltage of the system
91. In power oscillation damping with shunt compensator, when the rotationally oscillating generator accelerates and__________.
a. the electric power transmitted must be decreased
b. the electric power transmitted must be constant
c. the electric power transmitted must be increased
d. mechanical input power must be decreased
92. In power oscillation damping with shunt compensator, when the generator decelerates and angle delta decreases, _________.
a. the electric power must be increased
b. the electric power must be constant
c. the mechanical input power must be increased
d. the electric power must be decreased
93. In power oscillation damping with shunt compensator, when the rotationally oscillating generator accelerates and___________.
a. compensator shall introduce capacitive reactive power
b. compensator introduce inductive reactive power
c. no changes in reactive power shall be made
d. mechanical input power must be decreased
94. In power oscillation damping with shunt compensator, when the rotationally oscillating generator decelerates and___________.
a. compensator shall introduce capacitive reactive power
b. compensator introduce inductive reactive power
c. no changes in reactive power shall be made
d. mechanical input power must be increased
95. The compensator must stay in_______with the ac system at the compensated bus under all operating condition______.
a. asynchronous operation
b. disconnected mode
c. synchronous operation
d. none of the above
96. What are the sources of Real Power?
a. AC Generators
b. DC Generators
c. All AC & DC Generators
d. None
97. FACTS technology essential can overcome every type of hurdle in the transmission system_____.
a. True
b. False
c. Can not be determined
d. None of these
98. A Device whose output current which is either inductive or capacitive can be controlled effectively the system potential difference is known as________.
a. SSG
b. BESS
c. SMES
d. STATCOM
99. TCBR involves cycle by cycle switching of a resistor, the resistor is basically a_______.
a. Non-Inductive
b. Linear
c. Nonlinear
d. None of The Above
100. The device which based on thyristor but having no gate turn off capability_________.
a. TCSC
b. TCR
c. TSSR
d. TSSC
101. Which of the following is the alternative for STATCOM at lower cost_______.
a. TCR
b. SMES
c. SSSC
d. SVC
102. STATCOM was first implemented in the year_________.
a. January 1980
b. January 1981
c. January 1983
d. January 1985
103. UPFC stands for___________.
a. Unified power flow controller
b. Unidentified power flow controller
c. Unijunction power flow controller
d. None of these
104. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) concept was proposed by_________.
a. Gyugyi
b. Hingorani
c. Ravichandrudu
d. Smith
105. The UPFC concept was proposed in the year__________.
a. 1988
b. 1991
c. 1993
d. 1996
106. The UPFC was devised for the ________.
a. Future-time
b. Real-time
c. Past-time
d. None of above
107. The UPFC is able to control all the parameters___________.
a. Simultaneously
b. Selectively
c. Not possible
d. Both a & b
108. The UPFC can control_________.
a. Voltage
b. Impedance
c. Phase angle
d. All the above
109. UPFC can independently control both the _________ and _________ power flow in the line.
a. Real, Reactive
b. Real, Apparent
c. Reactive, Apparent
d. None of these
110. SVS generally exchanges both _______ and _______ power with the transmission system.
a. Real, Apparent
b. Reactive, Apparent
c. Reactive, Real
d. None of these
111. SVS stands for__________.
a. Single virtual system
b. Synchronous voltage source
c. Synchronous vision system
d. None of these
112. The UPFC consists of ________ voltage-sourced converters.
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
113. UPFC can control__________.
a. Active
b. Reactive
c. Both a & b
d. Only b
114. UPFC is a combination of __________ and __________ converter coupled via common voltage DC link.
a. SVC, STATCOM
b. Series, Series
c. STATCOM, SSSC
d. None of these
115. The UPFC uses a combination of shunt controller and a series controller interconnected through a common DC bus_______.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially
d. None of these
116. The ____________, by means of angularly unconstrained series voltage injection is able to control selectively the transmission line voltage, impedance, and phase angle or alternatively the active and reactive power.
a. SSSC
b. UPFC
c. TCSC
d. None of the above
117. UPFC is a combination of which controller_________.
a. STATCOM and SSSC
b. Series and Shunt
c. TCSC-TCR
d. Both a & b
118. UPFC allows_____________ real power between SSSC and STATCOM
a. Unidirectional
b. Bidirectional
c. Separately operated
d. None of these
119. UPFC is a combination of _____________.
a. Static synchronous compensator
b. Static series compensator
c. None of these
d. Both a & b
120. In UPFC the active power for the series unit is obtained from the line itself via the_______ unit.
a. Series
b. Shunt
c. Both a & b
d. None of these
121. The controlled exchange of real power with an external source, such as _________, is much more effective in control of system dynamics than modulation of the power transfer within a system.
a. Storage
b. Line
c. Transformer
d. None of these
122. Which diagram shows the UPFC ___________.
a.
123. Control attributes of UPFC are___________.
a. Active and reactive power control
b. Voltage control
c. VAR compensation
d. All the above
124. Which is the Control attributes of UPFC _________.
a. Damping oscillations
b. Voltage stability
c. Fault current limiting
d. All the above
125. Which device is a combination of series and shunt compensator_________.
a. TCSC
b. SSSC
c. UPFC
d. IPFC
126. The _________ can function as a perfect Phase angle Regulator which can also supply the reactive power involved with the transmission angle control by internal var generation.
a. STATCOM
b. SSSC
c. UPFC
d. None of these
127. The basic function of ___________ is to supply or absorb the real power demanded by __________ at the common dc link to support the real power exchange.
a. Converter 1, Converter 2
b. Converter 2, Converter 1
c. Converter 1, Converter 1
d. Converter 2, Converter 2
Load Compensation
128. Load compensation is the management of __________ to improve the quality of supply in ac power systems.
a. Power Quality
b. Active power
c. Reactive power
d. Apparent power
129. Power-factor correction usually means the practice of generating reactive power as close as possible to the ________.
a. Source
b. Power plant
c. Load
d. Substation
130. Voltage regulation becomes an important and sometimes critical issue in the presence of loads which vary their demand for_________.
a. Active power
b. Reactive power
c. Lagging Power factor
d. Leading Power factor
131. The supply utility are bound to limit their supply voltage, typically _________ averaged over a period of a few minutes or hours.
a. ±5%
b. ±10%
c. ±15%
d. ±20%
- It is much more practical and economic to size the power system according to the maximum demand for real power, and to manage the reactive power by means of ‘compensators’ and other equipment which can be deployed more flexibly than generating units and which make no contribution to fault levels.
Loads Requiring Compensation
132. It is typical that for sizeable industrial loads, power-factor correction is economically advantageous if the uncompensated power factor is less than ________.
a. 0.5
b. 0.6
c. 0.7
d. 0.8
- Typical of loads requiring compensation are arc furnaces, induction furnaces, arc welders, induction welders, steel rolling mills, mine winders, very large motors (particularly those which start and stop frequently), opencast excavators, wood chip mills, and high-energy physics experiments (e.g., synchrotrons) which require pulsed high-power supplies.
133. Large motor starts, limits Permitted in Voltage Fluctuation is ________.
a. 1-3%
b. 1-5%
c. 5-10%
d. 2-5%
134. Mine hoists, excavators, steel rolling mills, large thyristor-fed dc drives have limits permitted in voltage fluctuation at distribution voltages is _____ and at transmission voltages is ______.
a. 1-3%, ½-1½%
b. 1-5%, ½-1½%
c. ½-1½%, 1-3%
d. ½-1½%, 1-5%
135. Limits Permitted in Voltage Fluctuation for Arc furnaces is __________.
a. ±15%
b. ±10%
c. ±5%
d. ±20%
*Do remember the Specification of a Load Compensator
*Kindly go through POWER-FACTOR CORRECTION AND VOLTAGE REGULATION IN SINGLE-PHASE SYSTEMS
Also read the difference between Before compensation and After compensation.
136. A purely reactive compensator cannot maintain both constant _______ and __________ simultaneously.
a. Current, unity power factor
b. Voltage, unity power factor
c. Current, 0.8 power factor
d. Voltage, 0.8 power factor
FACTS MCQ 2
137. Voltage control means
Keeping the voltage level within the allowable limits.
138. FACTS devices are generally used for to compensate ____of the transmission line
Reactive power
139. Transmission efficiency increases as
voltage and power factor both increase
140. The main Objective of series compensation
Reduce the voltage drop over long distance
141. Transmission Interconnection is done for____
All of these
142. FACTS controllers can enable a line to carry power closer to its___
Thermal rating
143. What limits the loading capability____
All of these
144. Basic types of FACTS controller_____
All of these
145. Objectives of Load compensation____
All of these
146. The FC-TCR is consist of ___and____.
Fixed capacitor, Variable inductor
147. TCSC is a capacitive reactance compensator, which consists of __capacitor bank ___ by a thyristor-controlled reactor.
series, shunted
148. Shunt connected, fixed or mechanically switched ___ are applied to maintain voltage levels under heavy load conditions.
Capacitors
149. A transmission line connecting two systems, the best location for var compensation is in the____.
Middle
150. The shunt compensator is functionally a controlled reactive current source which is connected in parallel with the transmission line to control its ___.
Voltage
151. The series compensator is functionally a controlled voltage source which is connected in series with the transmission line to control its ____.
Current
152. In TSSC the degree of series compensation is controlled in a step-like manner by increasing or decreasing the number of series ___ inserted.
Capacitor
153. The SSSC use ____ thyristors.
GTO
FACTS Theory
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